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Sturdevant operative dentistry 6th edition pdf free download - blogger.com
17/4/ · Purchase Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry - 6th Edition. Print Book & E-Book. ISBN , Sturdevants Art And Science Of Operative Dentistry 6th Edition Author: blogger.com-Anne Abt Subject: Sturdevants Art And Science Of Operative Dentistry 6th Edition Keywords: sturdevants,art,and,science,of,operative,dentistry,6th,edition Created Date: Welcome to the companion website for Heymann: Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry. Drawing from both theory and practice and supported by extensive clinical and laboratory research, Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry, 6th edition presents a clearly detailed, heavily illustrated step-by-step approach to conservative restorative and preventive dentistry
Sturdevant operative dentistry 6th pdf download
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A thorough understanding of the histology, physiol- ogy, and occlusal interactions of the dentition and Incisors supporting tissues is essential for the restorative den- tist, sturdevant operative dentistry 6th pdf download.
Knowledge of the structures of teeth enamel, The incisors are located near the entrance of the oral dentin, cementum, and pulp and their relationships cavity and function as cutting or shearing instru- to each other and to the supporting structures is nec- ments for food see Fig. From a proximal view, essary, especially when treating dental caries.
Proper the crowns of these teeth have a relatively triangular tooth form contributes to healthy supporting tissues. The relationships of form to function are especially Canine Molars noteworthy when considering the shape of the dental Incisors Premolars arch, proximal contacts, occlusal contacts, and man- dibular movement.
Teeth and Supporting Tissues Dentitions Humans have primary and permanent dentitions. The primary dentition consists of 10 maxillary and 10 mandibular teeth. Primary teeth exfoliate and are replaced by the permanent dentition, which consists of 16 maxillary and 16 mandibular teeth. Incisors Premolars Canine Molars Classes of Human Teeth: Form and Function Fig.
The classes of teeth are incisors, Human teeth are divided into classes on the basis of canines, premolars, and molars. Cusps of mandibular teeth form and function. The primary and permanent den- are one-half cusp anterior of corresponding cusps of teeth in titions include the incisor, canine, and molar classes. the maxillary arch. Tooth form predicts Sturdevant operative dentistry 6th pdf download, Mosby, vical base. During mastication, incisors are used to These teeth have a major role in the crushing, grinding, shear cut through food.
and chewing of food to the smallest dimensions suitable for swallowing. They are well suited for this task because they have broad occlusal surfaces and Clinical Notes multirooted anchorage Fig. Incisors are essential for the proper esthetics of the smile, facial soft tissue contours e.
lip supportand speech phonetics. Clinical Notes Premolars and molars are important in maintaining the Canines vertical dimension of the face see Fig. Canines possess the longest roots of all teeth and are located at the corners of the dental arch.
They func- Structures of Teeth tion in the seizing, piercing, tearing, and cutting of food. From a proximal view, the crown also has a tri- Teeth are composed of enamel, the pulp—dentin angular shape, with a thick incisal ridge. The anatom- complex, and cementum see Fig. Each of these ic form of the crown and the length of the root make structures is discussed individually. these teeth strong, stable abutment teeth for a fixed or removable prosthesis.
Clinical Notes 4 7 Canines not only serve as important guides in occlu- sion because of their anchorage and position in the 8 dental arches but also play a crucial role along with the incisors in the esthetics of smile and lip support see Fig.
Chapter those favoring remineraliza- and information on dental caries, and clinical charac- tion. nantly toward protective factors remineralization are much less likely to develop dental caries than Definition those in whom the balance is tilted toward patholog- ic factors demineralization. Understanding the bal- Dental caries is defined as a multifactorial, transmis- ance between demineralization and remineralization sible, infectious oral disease caused primarily by the is the key to caries management.
complex interaction of cariogenic oral flora biofilm with fermentable dietary carbohydrates on the tooth Clinical Notes surface over time. It is essential to understand that caries lesions, or cavi- tations in teeth, are signs of an underlying condition, an imbalance between protective and pathologic factors Demineralization — sturdevant operative dentistry 6th pdf download the latter.
In clinical practice, it is very easy Remineralization Balance to lose sight of this fact and focus entirely on the re- storative treatment of caries lesions, failing to treat the underlying cause of the disease Table 2. Although Traditionally, sturdevant operative dentistry 6th pdf download, the tooth-biofilm-carbohydrate interac- symptomatic treatment is important, failure to identify tion has been illustrated by the classical Keyes-Jordan and treat the underlying causative factors allows the dis- diagram.
are, in fact, much more complex than this three-way interaction, as not all persons with teeth, biofilm, and sturdevant operative dentistry 6th pdf download carbohydrates will have caries over time. Several modifying risk and protective factors influ- Etiology of Dental Caries ence the dental caries process, as will be discussed Dental caries is a disease that is dependent on the later in this chapter Fig.
complex inter-relationships between the following At the tooth surface and sub-surface level, dental five critical parameters: caries results from a dynamic process of attack demineralization Figs. This cycle is ii Tooth habitat summarized in Box 2. iii Diet The balance between demineralization and rem- iv Saliva ineralization has been illustrated in terms of: v Oral hygiene.
remineralization, treatment antimicrobial, pH control Normal enamel Normal Normal Not indicated Not indicated Hypocalcified enamel Normal Abnormal, but not weakened Not indicated Only for esthetics Noncavitated caries Cariogenic Porous, weakened Yes Not indicated Active caries Cariogenic Cavitated, very weak Yes Yes Inactive caries Normal Remineralized, strong Not indicated Only for esthetics Location These lesions usually are observed on the Box 2.
They can also Remineralization mechanism of a occur in the proximal surfaces but are difficult to white spot lesion WSL detect. The supersaturation of saliva with calcium and phosphate Remineralization mechanism The remineralization ions serves as the driving force for the remineralization mechanism of white spot lesion WSL is summa- process rized in Box 2.
spots Fig. These discolored, remineralized, arrested caries histologic alteration of the underlying dentin probably areas are intact and are more resistant to subsequent caries already has occurred, whether the lesion is cavitated attack than the adjacent unaffected enamel. They should or not Fig. not be restored unless they are esthetically objectionable Chapter Sclerotic dentin is usually shiny and darker in color but feels hard to the explorer tip.
By contrast, normal, freshly cut dentin lacks a shiny, reflective surface and allows some penetration from a sharp ex- A plorer tip. The apparent function of sclerotic dentin is to wall 1 2 3 off a lesion by blocking sealing the tubules. The permeability of sclerotic dentin is greatly re- duced compared with normal dentin because of the decrease in the tubule lumen diameter. Reaction to a moderate-intensity attack B The second level of dentinal response sturdevant operative dentistry 6th pdf download to moderate- 12 3 intensity irritants by forming reparative dentin.
A, As dentin grows, Mechanism of reparative dentin formation odontoblasts become increasingly compressed in the The mechanism of reparative dentin formation is ex- shrinking pulp chamber, and the number of associated plained in Flowchart 2. tubules becomes more concentrated per unit area, sturdevant operative dentistry 6th pdf download.
The more recently formed dentin near the pulp a has large tubules Infected dentin contains a wide variety of pathogenic materials with little or no peritubular dentin and calcified intertubular or irritants, including high acid levels, hydrolytic enzymes, dentin filled with collagen fibers.
Older dentin, closer to bacteria, and bacterial cellular debris the external surface bis characterized by smaller, more widely separated tubules and a greater mineral content in intertubular dentin. Horizontal lines indicate predentin; diagonal lines indicate increasing density of minerals; darker The pulp may be irritated sufficiently from high acid levels horizontal lines indicate densely mineralized dentin and or bacterial enzyme production to cause the formation sturdevant operative dentistry 6th pdf download undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of replacement odontoblasts increased thickness of peritubular dentin.
B, Carious dentin secondary odontoblasts undergoes several changes. The most superficial infected zone of carious dentin 3 is characterized by bacteria filling the tubules and granular material in the intertubular space, sturdevant operative dentistry 6th pdf download.
As bacteria invade dentinal tubules, if carbohydrates are These cells produce reparative dentin reactionary dentin on available, they can produce enough lactic acid to remove the affected portion of the pulp chamber wall see Figs.
Pulpal to below the infected dentin is a zone where the dentin appears transparent in mounted Flowchart 2. This zone 2 is affected not infected carious dentin and is characterized by loss of mineral in the intertubular and peritubular dentin, sturdevant operative dentistry 6th pdf download.
Many crystals can Clinical Notes be detected in the lumen of the tubules in this zone. the zone transparent. organized tubular dentin less often to very irregular atubular dentin more oftendepending on the sever- ity of the stimulus. This re- the sturdevant operative dentistry 6th pdf download chamber of unattached dentin, termed pulp pair occurs only if the tooth pulp is vital.
stones, in addition to reparative dentin. tent than normal dentin is termed sclerotic dentin. It is critical to remember that clinicians treat the entire pa- tient and not just individual teeth and caries lesions Fig. Equally important in the management of caries as a disease entity is the ability to individual- ize caries treatment or interventions for each patient. Surgical Model of Caries Management Historically, dentistry has used a surgical model for the management of dental caries, which mainly in- volved the biomechanical removal of caries lesions and the restoration of the resultant tooth preparation to form and function with a restorative material.
Management of caries disease by a surgical model consisted of waiting until cavitations were detected and treating sturdevant operative dentistry 6th pdf download cavitations with restorations.
Eventually, it became apparent that dealing only with the end result of the disease and not addressing its etiology for each individual patient was not suc- Fig. posterior B teeth. Chlorhexidine may be used in combination Box 3. When using this approach, ACP is a reactive and soluble calcium phosphate it may be prudent to use toothpaste free from sodium lauryl sulfate SLSwhich causes the foaming action in compound that releases calcium and phosphate ions to dentifrices.
Although data are equivocal, evidence dem- convert to apatite and remineralize the enamel when it onstrates that SLS reduces the ability of CHX to reduce comes in contact with saliva38 plaque formation, sturdevant operative dentistry 6th pdf download. Xylitol Xylitol is a natural five-carbon sugar obtained from birch trees. It seems to have several mechanisms of action to reduce the incidence of caries.
mutans cannot ferment metabolize xylitol, sturdevant operative dentistry 6th pdf download, so white spots. GC Tooth Mousse Plus, GC ways. of xylitol gum for 5—30 minutes after eating or snack- ing. Probiotics acidogenicity of plaque because chewing stimulates salivary flow, which improves the buffering of the pH The fundamental concept of probiotics is to inocu- drop that occurs after eating. xylitol is used as the sugar substitute. Current protocols suggest chewing two pieces of gum contain- ing a total of 1 gram of xylitol three to six times per day, preferably after meals and snacks.
Calcium and Phosphate Compounds A relatively new group of products, called amorphous calcium-phosphates ACP in conjunction with ca- sein phosphopeptide CPPhave become commer- cially available and have the potential to remineral- ize tooth structure.
Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry, 5e Roberson, Sturdevant's Art and Science of Op
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